Complete blood count is an examination of blood cells to determine the patient's overall health condition. A decrease or increase in the number of blood cells that crosses the normal limit can provide clues to health problems that need to be followed up, such as infections, anemia, to leukemia.
Complete blood count includes various components that make up blood cells. Some components included in the complete blood count include the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and the number of blood platelets (platelets). In addition, the protein in red blood cells (hemoglobin), and the portion (percent) of red blood cells in one blood volume (hematocrit). A complete blood count can also contain information about the white blood cell count, the average size of red blood cells (MCV), the amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell (MCH), as well as the concentration of hemoglobin or the relative amount of hemoglobin to each size of red blood cells ( MCHC). The white blood cell type consists of stem neutrophils, segment neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
After there is a calculation, the results will be compared with the normal size of the results of the examination. The normal size that is the benchmark can vary depending on age and sex.
Indications for Complete Blood Count
Complete blood count is intended to see the condition of overall health and diagnose health problems experienced by patients. In addition, for those who have been diagnosed with health problems, doctors can also suggest a complete blood count to monitor the progress of the disease. As for patients who are undergoing treatment, a complete blood count is useful for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.
Complete Blood Count Warning
Blood collection in one person can be difficult, because the size of veins in each person is different and the size of blood vessels in one part of the body is different from other parts of the body. Thus, the process of taking blood in someone can be more complicated than taking blood in another person, or taking blood in one part of the body can be more difficult than other body parts. In addition, although rare, blood sampling can also lead to hematoma or blood absorption under the skin, infection, bleeding, and dizziness or fainting.
Complete blood count is not a definitive method of diagnosis. Abnormal blood cell counts can be a marker of health problems. To ascertain the cause of the health problem, another examination or test is needed.
Before Complete Blood Count
Before performing a complete blood count check, patients can generally eat and drink as usual. Patients will also be advised to wear short-sleeved or rolled-up shirts, so that blood can be drawn from the elbows or the back of the hand, which is usually easier.
Implementation of Complete Blood Count
Complete blood counts are performed by laboratory personnel by taking blood samples in veins. Blood sampling begins with cleaning the skin that is the location of blood sampling with antiseptic cleansers, such as alcohol. Next, an elastic strap is attached to the upper arm so that blood flow is obstructed and blocked in the veins below (on the elbow or back of the hand). The next step is to stick a needle in the skin to collect blood samples. This step will feel a little uncomfortable. After the blood sample is taken, the elastic cord is opened and the puncture point on the skin will be covered with tape to stop the bleeding.
Implementation of a complete blood count only takes a few minutes. Test results can be seen within a few hours or the following day.
After Complete Blood Count
After taking a blood sample, usually the patient can carry out activities as usual, but that depends on the patient's health condition. Blood samples will be processed by a machine that will display the number of examination results. Results will be compared with normal size benchmarks, according to age and sex. Patients can wait for the results of the examination within a few hours or the following day.
The number of normal red blood cells in men is 5-6 million cells per microliter of blood, while in women is 4-5 million cells per microliter of blood. The normal number of white blood cells ranges from 4,500 to 10,000 cells per microliter of blood. Calculations higher than normal levels of white blood cells can indicate inflammation or infection in the body. The number of normal blood platelets or platelets ranges from 140 thousand to 450 thousand cells per microliter of blood. Normal hemoglobin values in men range from 14-17 grams per deciliter and in women 12-15 grams per deciliter. The normal hematocrit value in adult men is 41-50% and in women 36-44%.
Some conditions can cause a complete blood count to be abnormal, including inflammation, infection, lack of vitamins or minerals (such as iron), blood disorders, heart disease, autoimmune diseases, reactions to medications, to cancer. If abnormal blood count results occur, the doctor can recommend another examination to confirm the diagnosis.
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